Modified gravitation known as Scalar-Tensor-Vector-Gravity (STVG) and MOG and its consequences for dark matter, dark energy, black holes and gravitational waves in astrophysics and cosmology are reviewed.
Citizen science projects such as Galaxy Zoo have shown that thousands of volunteers can make a significant contribution to research, allowing scientists to study the morphological distribution and evolution of galaxies and leading to serendipitous discoveries.
The planet-size network of millimeter antennas Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) has recently delivered images of the surroundings of the supermassive compact object M87* at the center of the galaxy Messier 87. Such images are crucial to better understand the physics at play in a strong gravitational field environment. They might also allow to probe the extreme relativistic effects on the radiation emitted close to the compact object.
With the first direct detection of gravitational wave (GW) signal registered by LIGO detectors a new branch of science - GW astronomy – has been opened up. Strong success of LIGO/Virgo interferometric detectors, resulting with numerous observations of GW signals (mainly BBH coalescences), encourages to consider the possibility of broadening deca- to kilo-Hertz range of GW spectrum to lower frequencies with planned new generation of ground-based (ET) and space-borne (LISA, DECIGO) GW detectors.
Successful GW detection and observations of coalescing binary neutron star (NS-NS) system across a spectrum of electromagnetic waves (EM) elevated multimessenger astronomy to the next stage. Future generations of GW detectors on the ground and in the space will yield a significant statistics of such events reaching up to redshift z=5 and even deeper. Non-negligible ammount of such events has a chance of being strongly lensed. I will summarize and discuss new opportunities emerging from future detections of lensed GW signals.
